Today, fiber-optic due to its higher bandwidth and cost effective in compare with other similar technologies is one of the most important tools of data transfer. In this paper, an integrated mathematical model is presented for the three-level NETWORK of fiber-optic by considering the BACKBONE NETWORK and local access NETWORKs simultaneously. Used topologies in its levels are respectively ring, star, and star. The purpose of this model is determine the location of the central hubs and concentrators, communication of central hubs and also assign each user to one of the concentrators such that the costs of the fiber link and installation the concentrators get minimize as well as providing the bandwidth required per user. Due to NP-hardness of this problem, small size of proposed model validated by GAMS software, then the model is solved by two meta-heuristic methods of DE and GA in large-sizes and the results of the two algorithms have been compared in terms of time and objective function value. The result shows the required time to achieve optimum solution in the DE is less than GA and also DE has better performance in small and medium-sized of problem but for the large size of problem the GA algorithm is better than DE.

In many applications, wireless mesh NETWORKs work by battery as a power source. In this scenario, routing method has a great impact on the NETWORK lifetime.In this research a new BACKBONE based wireless mesh NETWORK routing method for maximizing lifetime has been proposed. This approach is compatible with the features provided by IEEE standard for wireless mesh NETWORKs. In this method, BACKBONE routers are selected based on the maximum remaining energy.The proposed algorithm is compared with optimum and shortest path routing methods. Simulation results show acceptable increase in NETWORK lifetime in the proposed approach.

Since there is no fixed infrastructure or centralized management in Wireless Sensor NETWORKs (WSNs), a Connected Dominating Set (CDS) has been proposed as a VIRTUAL BACKBONE. In this paper, degree-constrained minimum-weight connected dominating set (DC-MWCDS) problem is used for modeling energy-efficient BACKBONE formation in wireless sensor NETWORKs in UDG. DC-MWCDS aims at forming degree-constrained BACKBONE and minimizing the weight of the CDS made for NETWORK graph simultaneously. The aim of this paper, is proposing an energy efficient connected dominating set (CDS) scheme in wireless sensor NETWORKs, which prolongs the NETWORK lifetime. In proposed algorithms, we use an optimal weight based on the minimum residual energy and maximum effective degree of nodes for BACKBONE formation to prolong the NETWORK lifetime. The optimal weight coefficients are determined using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Then, when selecting nodes for dominating set (DS) formation, these coefficients will be used. If the degree of a node is more than coefficient of degree constraint and energy of a node is less than coefficient of energy constraint, the node won’t be selected for DS formation. The message and time complexity of the proposed algorithm is O (n). Simulation results show that proposed algorithms outperforms the other methods in terms of NETWORK lifetime.

Todays, Information and Communications Technology (ICT), as one of the most effective factors of the advancement in all the aspects such as governance, security and risk, economics and technology, which is among the industries rapidly growing and developing. This paper examines the specific criteria and standards of ICT area for improving the quality of the services of the Telecommunications BACKBONE NETWORK of Iran (TBNI). The research was done through the two methods of data collection, library and the field study. European Foundation for Quality Management Excellence Model (EFQM) was selected as the base model and with full attention to the specific requirements of ICT industry and due to adapt this model from the viewpoints of the security and risk, governance and economic, a novel integrated excellence model of TBNI was developed and customized. To achieve the highest level of reliability and  internal coherence of each criterion, based on expert opinion polls, sub-criteria was categorized and analyzed in several stages using the factor analysis approach. The causal relationships and the influence of the criteria of this model on each other were investigated and the weights of each criterion and sub-criteria, using the structural analysis and shannon entropy methods, were determined. The self-evaluation of TBNI was systematically carried out and major opportunities for the improvement had been identified. Results showed that the establishment of this model had led to an improvement in a quality of services provided by this NETWORK and the products of all organizations that use any services of TBNI.

Deep-sea vessels use various navigational aids like AIS (automatic identification system), ECDIS (electronic chart display and information system), radar, GPS (global positioning system), and etc. vessels use AIS to communicate their navigational characteristics, destinations, and load information. Such data are very helpful for vessel officers; therefore, AIS can be used for communicating the name and position of the vessel as well as navigational signs in the port area. So, this system is very helpful in improving the quality of pilotage as well as improving the safety of navigation in canals like Khur Musa.

Interaction of 1-phenylbutane-1, 3-dione and chalcones in the presence of a base gives, in one step, good to high yields cyclic and unusual acyclic insertion products in ratios which depend on substrate, catalyst, and reaction conditions. All the synthesized compounds are characterized using IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, ESI–MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (for one compound) analysis.